absence / absent 영영사전 영어공부

✅ absence /ˈæbsəns/ (noun)

1️⃣ “없음, 부재, 결여”

something expected or wanted is not present

• There was an absence of enthusiasm in the crowd.
→ 군중 속에 열정이 없었다. (= 열정의 부재)
• The products showed a remarkable absence of defects.
→ 제품에는 놀랍게도 결함이 없었다.
• In the absence of reform, progress was slow.
→ 개혁이 없어서 진전이 느렸다.

📘 표현 정리
• in the absence of + 명사 → “~이 없을 때, ~의 부재 속에서”
• In the absence of rain, crops have begun to dry up.
→ 비가 오지 않아 작물이 말라가기 시작했다.

2️⃣ “결석, 결근, 부재중”

the state of not being present at a place where you are expected

• He had many absences from work.
→ 그는 결근이 잦았다.
• She returned to the company after a long absence.
→ 그녀는 오랜 부재 후 회사로 돌아왔다.
• He was conspicuous by his absence.
→ 그의 부재가 유난히 눈에 띄었다. (= 안 와서 오히려 눈에 띔)

📘 표현 정리
• leave of absence → 휴가, 휴직
• absence makes the heart grow fonder
→ “멀리 있으면 더 그리워진다”는 속담

📘 숙어 표현
• in someone’s absence
1. 그 사람이 없는 동안 — The meeting was held in her absence.
2. 그 사람을 대신해 — He spoke in his father’s absence.

✅ absent /ˈæbsənt/ (adj)

1️⃣ “없는, 결석한, 부재중인”

not present at a usual or expected place

• She was absent from school yesterday.
→ 그녀는 어제 학교에 결석했다.
• The soldier was absent without leave (AWOL).
→ 그 병사는 무단이탈했다.
• Most people attended, but the president was conspicuously absent.
→ 대부분 참석했지만, 사장은 눈에 띄게 없었다.

2️⃣ “존재하지 않는”

not existing or not found

• A gene that occurs in mammals but is absent in birds.
→ 포유류에는 있지만 조류에는 없는 유전자.
• Vegetation is almost entirely absent from the desert.
→ 사막에는 식물이 거의 존재하지 않는다.

3️⃣ “(생각이 딴 데 있는) 멍한, 산만한”

showing that you are not paying attention

• He gave an absent reply to her question.
→ 그는 딴생각하며 멍하게 대답했다.
• There was an absent look on her face.
→ 그녀 얼굴에는 멍한 표정이 있었다.

👉 absently (adv)
• He replied absently, still watching TV.
→ 그는 TV를 보며 건성으로 대답했다.

✅ absent (verb) — formal

to go away or not be present

• He absented himself from the meeting.
→ 그는 회의에 참석하지 않았다.
(= deliberately stayed away / formal writing style)

✅ absent (prep, formal, US)

used like “without”

• Absent any objections, the plan will proceed.
→ 반대가 없다면, 그 계획은 진행될 것이다.
• Absent further evidence, we can go no further.
→ 추가 증거가 없으면, 우리는 더 이상 나아갈 수 없다.

✅ 요약 정리 / 단어 품사 의미 예문

absence 명사 부재, 결석, 없음 His absence was noticed.
absent 형용사 없는, 결석한, 멍한 He was absent from work.
absent 동사 (고의로) 자리를 비우다 He absented himself from class.
absent 전치사 (격식체) ~없이, ~이 없으면 Absent new evidence, we stop here.

✅ 영어 감각으로 외우는 팁

• absence = 상태명사 (something is missing)
→ There is an absence of love. (= 사랑이 없다)
• absent = 형용사 (someone is missing)
→ He is absent today. (= 그는 오늘 없다)
• 🔁 기억하기 쉽게:
absence = the state / absent = the person